Small mammals

Habitat

Small mammals need much more space than the cages sold in most pet stores. Aim for at least 8 square feet of floor space for a single rabbit, 7.5 for a pair of guinea pigs, 600 square inches for a Syrian hamster. Solid floors only — wire injures feet. Provide hides, tunnels, and species-appropriate substrate (paper bedding, hay, or fleece).

Diet

Most small mammals are obligate herbivores or near-herbivores. Unlimited timothy hay is the foundation for rabbits and guinea pigs; a measured pellet portion and a daily handful of dark leafy greens complete the diet. Hamsters and gerbils need a varied seed-and-grain mix supplemented with small amounts of vegetables and the occasional protein source.

Handling

Prey animals don't enjoy being grabbed from above — that's how predators take them. Let the animal come to you, scoop from the side or below, and support all four feet. Many small mammals can be perfectly content companions without ever being lap pets; respect what each individual will and won't tolerate.

Health

Find an exotic-experienced vet before you bring the animal home — most general-practice vets don't see small mammals. Watch for sudden appetite loss (a 24-hour fast can be fatal in a rabbit or guinea pig), wet bottoms, overgrown teeth, and respiratory wheezing. Annual exams are not optional.

Common mistakes

• Buying the cage the pet store recommends (almost always too small)
• Feeding seed-based diets to rabbits or guinea pigs
• Single-housing social species like guinea pigs, rats, and gerbils
• Using cedar or pine shavings — both release oils that damage respiratory systems
• Skipping the exotic-vet relationship until something is already wrong